Dental disease (i.e., periodontal disease) is one of the most commonly diagnosed—yet preventable—health conditions in pets. And, its prevalence is alarming. Acccording to the American Veterinary Medical Association, at least 80% of dogs and 70% of cats show dental disease signs by 3 years of age. Left untreated, dental disease can lead to intense pain, infection, and tooth and bone loss, and oral bacteria that overwhelm the bloodstream can damage the kidneys, liver, and heart.

Dental disease warning signs in pets

If you say “Ew” when your pet says “Ah,” you and your pet need to visit Aloha Veterinary Hospital for a comprehensive physical and oral exam. Dental disease signs are initially subtle, but can progress to visible changes in your pet’s teeth, gums, appetite, and behavior. From mild to severe, typical signs include:

  • Bad breath
  • Red or swollen gums
  • Yellow or brown tartar
  • Cracked or broken teeth
  • Irritability or unexplained aggression
  • Sensitivity around the head, face, and muzzle
  • Pawing or rubbing at the mouth
  • Appetite loss
  • Weight loss
  • Drooling

Early diagnosis and treatment, which may include a dental cleaning, X-rays, or tooth removal (i.e., extractions) under anesthesia, can help slow or reverse your pet’s dental disease signs. For ultimate protection, Aloha Veterinary Hospital veterinarians recommend a dedicated home care regimen to reduce harmful plaque bacteria and prevent tartar buildup. 

5 Ways to protect your pet’s dental health at home

The perfect time to protect your pet’s dental health is before dental disease signs appear. If your pet is already in pain, they’ll need professional dental care before they can benefit from preventive strategies. 

#1: Brush your pet’s teeth — Toothbrushing prevents dental disease most effectively in pets. The mechanical scrubbing action disrupts bacteria on the tooth’s surface and prevents damaging plaque and tartar accumulation. Always use an enzymatic toothpaste designed for pets (e.g., C.E.T. Enzymatic Toothpaste), because human toothpastes contain toxic xylitol and harmful foaming agents. Focus on brushing the outside surface of your pet’s teeth—especially the upper arcade. For small pets, many owners find using a gauze square, wash cloth, or finger brush easier than a full-size toothbrush.

You should brush your pet’s teeth at least three times per week to be effective, although daily brushing is preferred. Check out this video tutorial for helpful techniques for introducing toothbrushing to your pet.

#2: Feed your pet a dental diet and dental treats — Therapeutic pet foods, such as Hill’s Prescription Diet t/d and Purina Pro Plan Veterinary Diets DH, can be effective for pets who do not tolerate brushing, and a good alternative for small- and toy-breed pets who are prone to rapid tartar buildup. Pets need to thoroughly chew the larger, more fibrous kibble, which enhances the scrubbing action against the tooth’s surface and along the gum line.

#3: Remove harmful chews, toys, and bones — Many popular dog chews and toys cause painful tooth fractures and damaging enamel loss. Additionally, hard toys, cooked or raw bones, rawhide, and various animal-based chews (e.g., hooves, ears, antlers) can cause serious or life-threatening injury, including choking, lacerations or punctures, gastrointestinal upset, and intestinal blockages. 

#4: Provide your pet with safe chew and play opportunities — Safe, suitable alternatives include Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC)-approved chews, such as C.E.T. brand products, Greenies, and Tartar Shield. Rubber toy brands, such as Kong, Goughnuts, and WestPaw, are appropriate for pets who prefer to gnaw, but not destroy or consume, their toys. Filling hollow toys with pet-safe foods and freezing them can provide additional chewing challenges, or soothe teething puppies. Always supervise your pet with any toy or treat.

#5: Acclimate your pet to the dental exam — Teach your pet to accept their mouth being handled to help ensure you and your veterinarian can examine their entire oral cavity and identify dental disease signs before they become severe. As soon as possible, introduce gentle handling to your puppy or kitten using lots of positive reinforcement (e.g., praise and treats) to build trust and comfort.

Begin by lightly touching your pet’s muzzle, and progress to gently lifting the lip on each side, moving a finger along the gum line, and touching the teeth. Then, hold the upper muzzle, and open the mouth by lightly pressing one finger on the lower front teeth. 

Acclimating your pet to mouth and muzzle handling not only decreases their fear or stress during the oral examination, but also simplifies toothbrushing and allows you to identify potential oral problems, such as foreign objects, gum lacerations, tumors, or dental fractures.

You can best protect your pet from dental disease with diligent at-home care, and annual or biannual wellness visits at Aloha Veterinary Hospital. Regular oral health assessments can detect subtle changes and allow our veterinarian to recommend interventional treatments, such as dental cleaning and X-rays under anesthesia, to ensure your pet’s mouth is healthy and pain-free. Contact our caring team to schedule an appointment for your pet’s dental check-up.